Global Trade

The Power of the Word Preface In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. That's how John's gospel of the Bible begins. In the early days information was spread using words, and words were surely important, as John's gospel demonstrates. It was not until Gutenberg invented the loose letters at the beginning of the 15th century, that modern printing technology was discovered. The so called "forty two line Bible" which Gutenberg printed in 120 copies is sometimes considered the initiation of modern printing technology. This was in 1456 and this technological novelty increased the possibility to distribute information and increase knowledge considerably. A little...

Is the United Kingdom (UK) government following in the steps of the United States of America (US) ! if you donate enough money to the party they return the deed with a title or a contract. Since the UK government is currently being investigated for doing just that. Also Right-wing-socialists in the UK and France are happy to let themselves be elected, but then operate with a control freak attitude, hence the referendum on the European Union (EU) Constitution would get a No vote in the UK, just like in France and the Netherlands. That's why the other EU members did not hold a referendum on the EU Constitution, granted those from Eastern Europe who can only see benefits going their way, would maybe...

The history of furniture has, up until the 20th century, been dominated by manufacturers using timber to produce their products. Towards the end of the 19th century some companies experimented with wood bending techniques in a bid to reduce the cost of labour intensive manufacturing and to be able to make chairs and tables that were attractive, strong and cheap enough to sell in big quantity to the rising numbers of people whose wealth was increasing following the development of the Industrial Revolution. These Bentwood stacking chairs first developed by Michael Thonet (1796-1871) revolutionised chair production and became extremely popular, especially for commercial use, furnishing hotels and...

y and Turkey Property Turkey straddles South East Europe and South West Asia and is bordered by the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia and countries in the Middle East (Iraq, Iran, Syria, Azerbaijan). Turkey and Turkey property is steeped in a wealth of history and culture which should be understood when making investments into Turkey property. Modern-day Turkey was formed in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal who became known as “Father of the Turks”. This followed periods of control by the Ottoman Empire, and Kemal established a constitution and Constantinople became known as Istanbul. Turkey has suffered from many periods of civil unrest with a poor human...

The 2008/09 marketing year was a record one for food commodity prices. Trading on commodities such as corn and maize reached levels never seen before. While agricultural experts agree that it's very unlikely that prices in the marketing year 2009/10 will surpass the previous year's benchmark, Ukraine is showing strong signs of bumper crops and an excellent harvest meaning that investment in Ukraine land is set for another good year. According to the 'Ukraine Grain and Feed Annual Report 2009', last year's bumper crop and large carryover stocks led to export sales being taken to a historic high. These exceptional export levels meant that Ukraine joined the listing of the world's top grain exporters...

The Government of India has met the December 31 deadline for complying with its obligation to World Trade Organisation (WTO) under TRIPs agreement, by promulgating an Ordinance - The Patent (Amendment) Ordinance, 2004 followed by the Act - Patent (Amendment) Act, 2005. Under TRIPS, India was required to introduce product patent where only process patent was permitted. Procedural changes were also required to be made as per Patent Co-operation Treaty (PCT). The new Act ensures adequate safeguards against misuse of patent rights and vests enough power with the Government to intervene and ensure that patented inventions are available for the public at an affordable price. In nutshell, the most...

The Government of India has notified Patents (Amendment) Rules 2006 with effect from 5 May 2006. The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, has issued a Notification dated May 5, 2006, published in the Gazette of India. The Rules, necessitated by the third amendment to the Patents Act, are major steps towards developing a comprehensible intellectual property rights regime in India. It simplifies patent filing, examination, search and grant procedures, and establish time-bound pre-grant and post-grant opposition procedures. This step follows introduction of product patents in line with India's commitment to the World Trade Organisation(WTO). Minister of...

Just a few short months ago the people of Montenegro voted to sever ties with Serbia even though they knew that in the short term this would set back their nation's chances of EU entry and destabilise the political and economic development of Montenegro. As a result of achieving independence Montenegro did indeed lose its Council of Europe membership for example, but in terms of what it gained, it gained the potential to become a tourism destination of note once again and the chance to have an emerging property market with serious potential for expansion. There has been a great deal of international focus on the nation throughout 2006 and not all of the focus has been positive; some reports have...

TITLE : Corporate Governance in India : Post – Satyam the way ahead : What needs to  be done?                                                                                                             Abstract                         Corporate governance has been a topic of hot debate in developed countries like U.K. & U.S.A.  for the last two decades. With the opening up of economies, it has also been a concern for developing country like India.  This is because opening up of economies has changed the scenario of Indian market i.e. on one hand, it has made the...

The effect was made to reopen the schools and colleges in 1960. The admission of new students was not accompanied by a complete reassertion of the old practices, which the left wing had condemned as elitist. The examinations were restored, and the authority of teachers, who had been humiliated and abused since 1965, was protected. On Chairman Moa' admission policy, gave a high priority to workers, peasants, and soldiers who had been recommended by their committees or their units, they would return on graduation. Students were expected to spend some time in the productive labour, such as farming industries, factory workers or joined the army. After Chairman Moa died, his successor was arrested and...

p>Some people are perpetually in the meetings. When you try to get hold of them the gloom laden words receive you, 'he is in the meeting, I can not disturb him'. Or the pompous 'he is in the conference'. This can mean almost anything. Either he is nattering with his secretary or some one else's secretary on another line, in with the boss, apple polishing him or a party, haggling over with him for an under the table deal, gone for lunch, not back from lunch, gone to take a quick nap after lunch, gone for the day and trying out his water wings in the office think-tank. People differ in their motives for attending meetings/conferences. While for some it may be escapism, selling, buying, apple polishing...

I have been reading, World Economic Situation and Prospects 2009. It is a joint product of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and the five United Nations regional commissions. It is an assessment of the global economy for 2009. I consider this report in the context of the evolution of human civilization that I have been studying for many years. The report seems to be saying that the financial infrastructure set up at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944, including the IMF and the World Bank, is essentially bankrupt beyond repair, and that we are working on developing a new alternative international banking system. The United Nations...

There is no denying the fact that, as UNCTAD's mandate has become multidimensional, so its achievements have therefore been of different kinds. The most significant achievements included. a) the agreement on Generalized System of Preferences(GSP)1971; b) the setting up of the Global System of Trade Preferences among developing Countries(1989); c) negotiation of International Commodity Agreements; d) the establishment of transparent market mechanisms in the form of intergovernmental commodity expert and study groups, involving consumers and producers; e) the negotiation of the Common Fund for Commodities(1989); f) the adoption of the resolution on the retroactive adjustment of terms of Official...

Many firms have to close down completely and often mention the considerable costs involved of meeting the UK or EU Food Hygiene and Safety regulations as well as other costs for hygiene training for their employees.  To top it all off, to properly implement HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) can require analysis under a microscope of particular food ingredients, for example, and so the costs and impact to overall profits soon mount up. It does not necessarily mean that smaller companies will be most heavily affected, even the major chains in most international food trade environments are unhappy with constantly ensuring that they comply with food hygiene regulations, such as the various...

December 2003, the Taiwan elite air refrigeration companies listed in Shanghai, China, a move the company has brought a lot of money, but also tremendous pressure. Take root in China in determining the market, ace air in China Hsi Jiang Guoxiang Refrigeration Industry Co., Ltd. is facing a more complex environment, rising raw material and competitive and so on. Sought in the greater China market development Guoxiang, while investment in plant capacity expansion, on the other side from the talent pool, such as changing sales model adjustment, mobilization of resources to the central air conditioning line multi-brand forward. Recently, the HC network in Zhejiang Guoxiang Refrigeration Industry Co...

Every school child is imbued with a history of the American Revolution that glorifies the great accomplishments, political, military and social, of the famous founding fathers. We learn that George Washington; the Father of the United States was a great military leader, farmer, politician and stoic face of the revolutionary movement. Benjamin Franklin was an inventor, publisher, diplomat, self-made millionaire and audaciously wise man. John Adams was a wonderful raconteur, writer, philosopher and brave leader. While we know much about these, and so many other great pioneering founders, we have lost much knowledge of the flavor and contributions that they made to improvements of every day life in...

-- End Ad Box ---> Why are certain persons more successful than others in their personal lives and in their professional environment? Some are perhaps very successful at their homes, having good relationships with their spouses and children, but having many communication problems in their office: problems with bosses, but good relationships with co-workers or vice versa, good relationship with the bosses, but conflicts with other managers and subordinates. Others again are having good relationships at the office at the expense of their marriages and family life: too much time is being spent at the office and the family at home is being felt ignored and left behind. The root cause of the problem is...

When trade goods require to be shipped over a long distance in a short time, we use Air Freight cargo Services. The air cargo companies may be a part of the passenger airline or dedicated only in Air Cargo freight. Freight cargo companies some time center on transportation only, where they usually have a cargo airline and logistic system to support their end to end delivery system. Air Freight cargo services are used by many companies all over the world on a dominant base for international import and export. These companies can handle all the shipments whether its raw materials, finished products or even if they are just documents, provided there are no legal barriers to the conveyance of these...

Along with "Green", "Eco-Friendly", and "Sustainable", "Fair Trade" seems to be a term that gets utilized quite a bit these days whether it is on the side of a coffee can or the back of a chocolate wrapper. We thought it might be useful to learn a little more about this label/movement. The basic idea of Fair Trade is one of connecting producers (rural workers and craftsman) with viable markets (you and me). The goal is to achieve this in the most efficient and transparent way possible to ensure that those producers: - Receive a fair wage for the work they produce - Work in conditions that are safe and hazard free - Learn the business skills necessary to compete in the global economy - Produce goods...

When we think of the term globalisation, we think of it as a popular phrase that is coined by the media, the government and in society to describe the state of affairs; in what Anthony Giddens, a renowned British Sociologist describes as the "period of late modernity". In this investigation we will firstly look at exactly what globalisation is from an economic, technological and socio-political perspective. Secondly we will look at the origins of globalisation and the impact globalisation has had upon the individual and society. We will then look at the advantages and disadvantages globalisation has had. Finally we will then draw conclusions based upon the ramifications that globalisation has had...

Harlex Consulting Services Ltd - Migrating Material Master into SAP 1          Overview 1. 1.1        Introduction This document is intended as a simple guide in how to overcome the common problems in migrating Material Master into SAP. For a one-time conversion into SAP, we favour using the LSMW tool. It allows you to leverage the full power of ABAP while using standard SAP processing functions, yet it does a lot of the file management and processing work automatically. However, even within LSMW there are a number of possible methods for migrating Materials. This document will discuss loading Materials using the standard load program RMDATIND with a brief mention of other methods...

Dongguan is a manufacturing city in southern China, in the local footwear industry, the average monthly wage of 960 yuan. As one of Nike's largest contract factories, Yue Yuen Industrial is given is 1472 yuan monthly salary.     In a lot of companies are the problem of rising costs of headaches for the industry, this gap would have been trouble. But Yue Yuen Industrial is booming, a fact that may be outside of the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan as well as a reference for manufacturers.     The past 5 years, China's export prices have been rising. UBS economist Jonathan - Anderson (JonathanAnderson) in a recent research report said: "(China trade) partner country data show that in U.S. dollar...

March 18, 2009 -3 21 Guangzhou International Ceramics Exhibition in Guangzhou Chinese Export Commodities Fair Exhibition held. The second exhibition area of 20,000 square meters, the 25,489 spectators who will. These data show that only two years of development, Guangzhou has an accurate grasp of ceramic exhibition features ceramics, successful integration of market resources. Hall site To further implement the "difference" development path, especially the difference between the same type show location, 2009 Guangzhou ceramic exhibition will be committed to innovation, full integration into the world-renowned "Guangzhou Furniture Fair", making it a "great home" part of the industrial chain...

What to know about consumer data describes collection, privacy and consumer behavior patterns that businesses and shoppers focus on. Businesses collect and analyze data on customers to accomplish a specific goal. A professional research firm can also perform these two tasks, but the goal remains the same. Some research firms increase their sample size to include international shoppers. Companies with an international presence need these international data to make informed decisions. Consumer research firms favor panel surveys to acquire the desired shopper data and to discover consumer preferences. A panel survey is like taking one picture of the shopper. Then researchers analyze the picture and...

Precious metals research is conducted by various consultancies and agencies. These consultancies have a vast range of contacts and associates across the world. The research team consists of analysts and consultants. These consultancies publish various journals and articles based on their research. They provide reliable and consistent data and analysis and conduct annual surveys and conferences. The research includes gold surveys, updates, silver surveys, platinum and palladium surveys, periodical surveys, mining reports, gold hedging reports and forecasting. Annual research on gold gives information about the international market for gold. It provides the analysis of developments in the market, and...

Foreign exchange rates influence the fundamental situation of other markets. In general they reflect the strength or weakness of a particular economy. There are certain factors that directly influence forex prices. These factors generally fall into three categories: economic factors, political conditions and market psychology. Economic factors include economic policy of that particular country circulated by government agencies and central banks, economic conditions prevailing in that country and other economic indicators. The market usually reacts negatively to expanding government budget deficits, and positively to reduction in the budget deficits. The trade flow between a set of countries...

The Internet There is an abundance of online resources that can help you get your search started. The Internet is a powerful resource and you can find everything in just one click. However, these sites mostly contain thousands of listings and it is overwhelming to go through all of them. Another thing you should keep in mind is that the Internet is so accessible these days. As convenient as it may seem, anyone can easily claim that they have a factory that can make your product. The initial step to ensure that the company you found is legitimate is to do your research. Trade Data Try to analyze available international trade data. Several websites offer bill of lading and ocean freight records...

Get registered at to access export import data online. In addition to their offline export import data services, Cybex Exim Solution Pvt Ltd has launched their Online Export Import Data Portal for the convenience of their clients. Their online service is as good as their offline one. The registered members can access foreign trade data from the place of their choice in just few clicks. Apart form the export import data, you can also avail shipment data of US, Russia, UK, China and other major countries of the world. The reports provided by Cybex Exim Solution are the most accurate and relevant. Their client list includes a number of major names all across the globe including RayBan, Jindal...

Globalization has opened previously closed or unknown markets to the world. For the many with entrepreneurial spirits, this presents vast opportunities for business. Whether for expansion or diversification, importing and exporting goods, an import/export business if done right, can boost your income. However, the complexities of the IMEX (Import and Export) industries and the many rules and regulations imposed for consumer safety in addition to the protective stance of many governments for their local industries could keep potential entrepreneurs from pursuing what could be a profitable IMEX venture. While the IMEX industry has its own unique market forces that influence movements and trends, it is...

The recession or the economic melt in India has delivered a hard blow at the face of the face of the India economy. The recession virus had a tremendously adverse impact towards the Indian economy that had influenced the move of certain sectors, and international business. Especially the import and export sector had stumbled upon a bad zone. The money market had worsened to a great extent, thereby influencing the banking sector, where tons of professionals had been chucked off. Import and Export trade had received similar kind of blow with the global recession soaring high. India is a world famous pocket for its wide range of decorative stones - starting from the natural stone and sand stone to high...

Ross Some economists worry exports to China are increasing recently. Russia also issued a research report that China's policy to encourage exports to Russia, the Russian economy is facing "the threat of being buried Chinese goods."   Advocating barriers to trade Russia, some economists worry exports to China are increasing recently. Russia also issued a research report that China's policy to encourage exports to Russia, the Russian economy is facing "the threat of being buried Chinese goods." Study brings Chinese goods The Russian public's concern from the Institute of Russian natural monopolies, 5, a report submitted to the Government. The report said that within the existing laws of Russia, the...

Recent years, India has become China's toy industry, potential competitors also have a sufficient labor force and labor-intensive development of the toy industry conditions, only in production technology, scale, quality and design aspects of the world's toys yield 7 percent of China also has a gap. HC screen Special Indian network On the recent trade rumors, "the Chinese government or to appeal WTO, China solemnly protest against India Toy Import ban, "the message, the reporter has not been confirmed in multiple inquire below. In this regard, China Light Industry Arts & Crafts Import and Export Chamber of Commerce told the reporter:" At present, relevant departments are actively studying the...

African home decor is more accessible than ever, and globalization has increased interest beyond that of a trend. African arts maintain a history and quality that cannot be replicated through modern means of mass production. Today, African home decor ranges from traditional ethnic arts to more contemporary designs. And, a significant amount of African decor is created from natural or recycled materials. Authentic African home decor and accents reflect established principles that are gaining resurgence in today's culture of social awareness. Natural Elements with Bold Colors Traditional African arts, such as basket weaving, often combine natural elements with bold, vibrant colors. For instance...

Market Review - 10/08/2010 22:00 GMT Dollar sinks against yen after Fed's policy announcement Dollar fell sharply against the Japanese yen on Tuesday, as U.S. Fed announced to boost its economy by reinvesting principal payments on its mortgage holdings into long-term Treasuries.      Although the greenback rose fm 85.63 to 86.25 versus the Japanese yen in Europe on speculation that BOJ would not intervene the market in the coming days together with the dollar's broad-based strength due to the selloff in European stock markets (European equities dropped by 0.63%-1.24%), renewed selling pressured price from there in NY morning and dollar tumbled to an intra-day low of 85.17 after FOMC rate...

Houjie structure "Footwear Headquarters Economy" add support platform, the reporter was informed yesterday, Houjie town government to support the building last ten key projects of private enterprises is one of the south peak of the International Trade Center has been the construction of leather capped shoes into the project investment phase expected to begin operations later this year in June. Houjie Town Office official said privately that the platform will allow "the world's shoe factory," Hau chain better.     Trading operations in June this year     Last year, plans to build the South peak of the international trading center of leather shoes is key support Houjie...

Start time:  2010-09-02 End time:  2010-09-04 Venue:  Miao Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, No. 9 (Qingdao International Convention Center office building 11 floors) Contact:  Gao Tao Contact Phone:  86-532-82995723/21/27/30 Sponsored by:  Press and Publication Bureau of Shandong Province, Qingdao Municipal People's Government Sponsor:  Qingdao International Convention and Exhibition Center, Qingdao International Trade Promotion Co., Ltd. HC printing network Exhibition Overview: Qingdao Printing Technology & Equipment Exhibition since 2004, has so far been successfully held for six years. Shandong has become larger and the surrounding areas exhibition, the exhibition of higher-level...

What is pair trading? If you haven't done pair trading before, pair trading is done with two almost similar stocks. Pair trading is highly popular with professional stock traders when they take simultaneously a long position in one stock and a short position in another almost similar stock in equal dollar amounts. Both these stocks are almost similar but are experiencing a dislocation. This dislocation in these two stocks is used for hedging purposes. What you do is try to find two stocks in the same industry and the same sector with a strong historical correlation between them. Yet for the time being, these two stocks are experiencing dislocation with one stock higher in price as compared to the...

This year, the global Financial The context of the crisis, despite the city footwear exports remain stable situation, the first half of a total of 305 approved the export value of 11.44 million U.S. dollars, batch number and value of exports last year increased by 2% and 9%, but with Europe and the United States and other countries has introduced harsh "green bar", the city footwear exports were also seriously disturbed. Plastic Shoes are traditional features in Zhanjiang exports, enjoy "hometown of Chinese plastic shoes", "Southern shoes city" reputation Wuchuan in Zhanjiang City, is the national production of plastic shoes, one of the three bases, the city now has a system Shoe Industry, more than...

The regional context: Mozambique's development program has hardly been affected by the slowdown in global growth and world trade over the past two years because its growth has been driven by strong internal investment in new export-oriented projects. Over the next few years, it has many opportunities to develop its metals industries for export and its ports and rail facilities to provide services for the regional market in southern Africa. In that respect, a resolution to the current problems in neighboring Zimbabwe would help Mozambique to develop those regional transportation facilities that could support the Zimbabwe economy. Like any African country, Mozambique's challenges go deeper than...

It is certainly no wonder that there is sharp division and controversy in this Country on the subject of immigration. After all, the American attitude on the subject is conducive to mixed emotions which, in this writer's opinion, rise to the level of schizophrenia. This phenomenon is hardly new, although a superficial survey of current punditry would have us believe that this whole subject has risen to public consciousness only in the past few months. In the middle of the 19th Century, a huge wave of Irish immigration, fleeing the potato famine, arrived at our shores. Americans of Anglo-Saxon origins were very resentful, and frightened about the prospect of lost jobs. Sound familiar? Those of...

Thai Textile Industry Development Agency Huila, said the textile industry in Thailand has begun to grow from January to February 2010, textile exports rose 35% in Thailand, especially in fabric exports rose 30% on this year's overall export growth of textile industry hold more than 15% confidence, will not be worth less than 72 billion dollars.     Willard said, the Thai textile export growth markets include ASEAN and the EU, exports to these markets rose 50%, in particular the ASEAN market because of the ASEAN free trade agreement by the support of ASEAN countries to promote trade tariffs.     Willard said there are still a large number of investors investing in the construction of textile...

The abolition of global textile quota system from America has made the big players of the industry to restructure their business again to survive in the strong competition of the American apparel market. Last year most of the market took advantage of the free trade era and exploited the resources in best possible manner. New initiatives were taken and new innovations were used to fulfill the demand and to provide the customers, the best value added products at a more accessible price. This year also this trend of reorganizing the business for stiff competition is visible in American apparel industry. The areas in which this industry is concentrating more are better merchandising, better inventory...

With Yu Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, Huang Derong always smiling, a few years ago under the hard work out of the technological transformation, and now the new company took over the high technology content of foreign trade order, profit margins are greater. The hands of this year from U.S. customers a new take on the interesting orders, processing of these clothes do not have sewing machines, and use special equipment directly to the fabric sticking up, the clothes made of light, also waterproof windproof. Processing one such clothes, "with Yu," earn more than 30 U.S. dollars, is the process 6 times the normal casual wear. This year from January to August, the company earned 15.65 million yuan, up...

Current Status The textile industry holds significant status in the India. Textile industry provides one of the most fundamental necessities of the people. It is an independent industry, from the basic requirement of raw materials to the final products, with huge value-addition at every stage of processing. The textile industry is the largest industry in terms of employment economy, expected to generate 12 million new jobs by 2010. It generates massive potential for employment in the sectors from agricultural to industrial. Employment opportunities are created when cotton is cultivated. It does not need any exclusive Government support even at present to go further. Only thing needed is to give...

Trading Blocks do matter, and as the old adage goes, there is power in numbers. So what happens when up and coming emerging and powerful nations create their own trading blocks? That's good right, of course, it is good for them, and it is good for the world, provided they are created for the right reasons. Now then, let's discuss such a case study for a moment shall we? Perhaps you follow international affairs and geo-politics. The global economic market place is alive and well with lots of choices, trading blocks, and options for nations, companies, and industrial capitalists willing to put their money where their mouth is. BRIC is certainly making both headway and headlines in the world media...

Given the importance of deforestation to climate change it would be perfectly reasonable to ask why we don't just protect the world's forests. But reducing deforestation is no simple effort. Forests are being destroyed as a consequence of global economic forces (e.g. demand for timber, beef, soybeans, palm oil, etc). Slowing or eliminating deforestation means addressing these underlying drivers by making forests valuable as living entities, rather than solely for what can be produced when they're cut. One solution, known as Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD), is being pushed as a key element for a new global agreement to fight climate change after the Kyoto Protocol expires...

Yesterday, Britain's prime minister, Gordon Brown, called for a "new global order" to deal with the economic crisis and warned against the protectionist policies that were put in place in the 1930s. Tackling issues on the global economy, the prime minister said that a "radical step-up in global cooperation" was necessary to prevent the emergence of "financial mercantilism". On the same day, Timothy F Geithner asserted that "China manipulates its currency". This was indeed unhelpful, to say the least, as Sino-American detente and cooperation is the essence of Brown's statements on creating a new global order. Just prior to Barack Obama's inauguration, Henry Kissinger wrote the most erudite piece...

The recent visit of the Japanese Prime Minister Shins Abe has opened avenues for further strengthening of Indo-Japan ties. Both nations today have a bigger role to play in the global arena. Under such circumstances there is an urgent need for both countries to work together for a common goal - taking Asia to the heights of an economic revolution. Japan today can contribute to India's deficient infrastructure. There is a need for a stronger and closer partnership in joint ventures and developing a market for sophisticated products. India too needs to earn a reputation that it has matured from an aid receiver to that of an investment partner. Apart from that, India needs to look at certain areas that...

How should the international community manage the risks of global climate change? Diplomats from 187 nations faced this question in December at the United Nations' climate conference in Bali, Indonesia. Their answer was a two-year plan for negotiating a new global climate policy that would start in 2013 - the year the Kyoto Protocol ends. The "Bali Road Map" is intended to lead to an agreement on a global climate strategy. Key elements include a long-term goal for global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, commitments to reduce emissions by both developed and developing countries, programs to help countries cope with the effects of climate change, and incentives to accelerate the use of climate-friendly...