| A person who has a lazy, slow-moving gait tends to | | | | worldwide efficiency is required, then this structure is |
| look less commanding than someonewho walks with | | | | moreappropriate. Examples of industries requiring such |
| a good posture that exudes confidence. Likewise, the | | | | structure include electronic chips,consumer electronics |
| way the companyis organised can help it position for | | | | etc. The disadvantage of this structure is the erosion |
| future growth. | | | | of localresponsiveness as it entails very centralized |
| The world has changed dramatically. These days, | | | | control. |
| being internationally competitive is thename of the | | | | Transnational |
| game. With the dissolution of the international trade | | | | In some cases where both local and global know-how |
| barriers and theevolution of a new global economy, | | | | are important, the transnationalstructure may be |
| many companies have gone through a continuum | | | | appropriate. The organisational structure is based on a |
| oftransition from being international (stressing an | | | | matrix with dualreporting and the achievement of |
| export-import orientation), to beingmultinational | | | | consensus as the key driver. |
| (having major operations abroad that are | | | | Depending on the nature of your business, you |
| concentrated on specific,relatively protected | | | | should adopt an organisational structurethat enables |
| markets) to being global (looking at the entire world | | | | you to meet with your business objectives, and |
| as a market). | | | | which will provide flexibilityand room for future |
| The new and total global economy has come of age. | | | | growth. The common thread in the above three |
| There are three organisational structures: | | | | structures is theconcept of 'flat organisation'. |
| Multi-local | | | | The phrase 'flat organisation' is now overworked and |
| The overseas affiliates are given full autonomy with | | | | misunderstood. It is an oxymoron,a contradiction in |
| little interference from theheadquarters. This | | | | terms. Any organisation that exists for a purpose |
| structure is suitable for organisations that require high | | | | needs a spine ofdecision-making accountability. This |
| customisation,flexibility and speed to respond to the | | | | applies to private corporations, public |
| market place. Examples of industries requiringsuch | | | | institutions,voluntary organisations and cooperatives. |
| structures include the retailing, auditing and consulting | | | | A good organisation structure is one with the optimal |
| businesses etc. Thedownside is that there are | | | | number of layers of leadership,which demonstrably |
| wasteful duplications and low cost efficiency. | | | | add value to the work of the others. This includes |
| However, inindustries that require ground knowledge, | | | | the design anddelivery of mission and strategy. It |
| the trade-off for economy of scale andduplications is | | | | provides space and challenge for individuals toachieve, |
| speed and flexibility. | | | | continue to learn, grow and enjoy their work and be |
| Global | | | | duly rewarded for theirperformance. |
| The overseas affiliates are given little autonomy. The | | | | The theory is clear. The problem for managers is |
| headquarters make all the majordecisions. The | | | | how to design it in practice. How manyvertebrae |
| organisational structure is by functions, with each | | | | should there be in this spine of accountability? What |
| function such as thesales and marketing, financial | | | | are the key functions? |
| heads of the subsidiaries reporting to the | | | | How are they identified? What is the impact of |
| headquarters'functional heads. In some companies, | | | | removing a function from this spine? |
| the functions are grouped by product lines andmajor | | | | What impact will this have on the development and |
| customer accounts reporting back to the heads for | | | | motivation of the incumbents? |
| the product lines and multinationalaccounts. If | | | | |