India-Srilanka Free Trade Agreement(FTA): The Success and Road Ahead

The Free Trade Agreement between India and% increase in bilateral trade between 2001 and 2004.
Srilanka came into full existence from 1st MarchAt 15% of the total, India is the biggest source of Sri
2000.This FTA basically deals with the modalities ofLankan imports. It is also the 3rd largest destination
the Duty Free Import of the Goods manufactured infor Sri Lankan exports. With FDI approvals of US $
Srilanka. Which exempt specified goods imported450 million, India is the 4th largest investor in Sri
under Indo-Srilanka Free Trade Agreement from theLanka. Indian Oil Corporation, Taj Hotels, Apollo
Import Duty up to 100%. There is a clear businessHospitals, L & T, Ambujas, Tatas and Ashok
opportunity for manufacturers from India to set upLeyland are among the prominent Indian companies
unit in Srilanka so that the goods produced in Srilankaoperating in Sri Lanka. Connectivity between the two
can be brought to India duty free availing thecountries is at an all time high with approximately 100
exemption provided in the Free Trade Agreement.flights per week, including Indian private airlines, to
Since there is no Excise Duty in Srilanka or Importand from 10 destinations in India.
Duty the goods produced there would be cheaper.India is a keen partner in developmental activities in
Establishment of free trade arrangements betweenSri Lanka. About one-sixth of the total development
India and Sri Lanka has accelerated the developmentcredit granted by Government of India is made
of national economies, promoting mutually beneficialavailable to Sri Lanka. At present two lines of credit
bilateral trade and strengthening intra-regionalare operational. These are a US $ 100 million line for
economic cooperation. Both sides have recognizedcapital goods, consumer durables, consultancy
that the expansion of their domestic marketsservices and food items and a US $ 31 million line of
through economic integration is a vital pre-requisitecredit for supply of 300,000 tonnes of wheat. A US
for accelerating their processes of economic$ 150 million line of credit for purchase of petroleum
development and have further recognized thatproducts is operational since March 2005. Another one
comprehensive reductions and elimination of obstaclesof US $ 100 million, earlier slated for rural
to bilateral trade through a bilateral free tradeinfrastructure projects including a road between
agreement would also contribute to the expansion ofAnuradhapura and Trincomalee to be named the
world trade.Rajiv Gandhi Amity Highway, is now being made
Under the agreement Zero duty on around 1000available for post-tsunami rehabilitation of the coastal
items has been provided by India with. 50% marginrailway line
of preference on all items, except for those in theWhile the Free Trade Agreement has worked well;
Negative List. Tariffs has been brought down to zerothere is scope for significant improvement. Currently
over a period of three years. Concessions on textilethe Agreement covers only goods; there are a large
items has been restricted to 25%. Four chaptersnumber of items in the negative lists (429 items in
under the textiles sector have been retained in thecase of India, 1180 items in case of Sri Lanka as well
Negative List. India has retained less than 400 itemsas quantitative caps on tea and textiles) and
in its Negative List. These mainly include garments,implementation of the Agreement has thrown up
petro-chemicals, alcoholic spirits and coconuts andanother set of issues. The two sides are jointly
coconut oil. Sri Lanka has around 1200 items in itsaddressing these practical difficulties arising out of the
Negative List. Items in the Negative List do not enjoyimplementation of the FTA. Work is simultaneously
tariff concessions.going on to move to the next step of economic
Domestic value-addition requirements have been keptintegration by expediting the Comprehensive
at 35%. If the raw-material/inputs are sourced fromEconomic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between
each other's country, this is reduced to 25% withinthe two countries. Rounds of talks in New Delhi on
the overall limit of 35%. The criterion of 'substantialFebruary 2005 resulted in the setting up of a Trade
transformation' has been provided in the Rules.Negotiating Committee and its sub-groups which have
Since the coming of the FTA in March 2000, tradesince met in New Delhi and Colombo to finalize the
has grown rapidly. Bilateral trade exceeded US $ 1.7Agreement by end-2006.
billion in 2004 and rose to US $ 2.025 billion in 2005.With a small beginning the Free Trade Agreement
Exports from India to Sri Lanka in 2004 amounted tobetween the two countries is another feather in its
US$ 1350 million, while exports from Sri Lanka toexcellent bilateral relationship It is a huge leap forward
India in the same year amounted to US$ 382 million.but a lot more needs to be done in future to make it
It rose to further US $ 1.437 billion and US $ 588a real success story.
million respectively in 2005. The FTA prompted a 257