INR Appreciation and the Road Ahead

The Indian Rupee has evolved to great acceptanceTelecom by Bharti etc. These global acquisitions
Worldwide since its inception by Sher Shah Suri in thefurther cement the arguments in favour of INR's
16th century in the form of copper coins when 40repute as internationally accepted currency. As India's
copper coins were said to constitute Re 1. Thebilateral ties further and strengthen, the Indian
period of relevance in its history is the 20th century.Rupee's demand has also increased on account of
It is in this century that it underwent massive regimeIndia's favourable trade balance with her trading
changes from being coupled to Pound Sterling in 1928partners. Recently India and Brazil entered into a
to the Dollar/Gold Standard in 1948 to a basket ofCurrency Swap agreement to boost their trade
currencies in 1973 and finally settling with the Floatingfinances.
Rate regime at the behest of the IMF in 1991. It mayThe other issue which needs due attention is that of
seem that the journey has been long and arduousexcessive capital inflows. With India poised to post
but the benefits are for us and our future generationdouble digit growth in the coming years with its
to reap. It is in the context of globalistion,Economy entering Rostow's Take off stage, foreign
liberalisation and privatisation that we shall study theentrepreneurs seek to take advantage of India's new
impact of the present Floating rate regime the INRand improved business environment. The INR is
adheres to on the Indian economy in terms ofpoised to appreciate dramatically in the coming time
business profitability, foreign debt and the prospectsand thus pose a different kind of challenge for the
of INR as an International Reserve Currency.Indian entrepreneurs. As the INR appreciates the
The Indian rupee abbreviated as INR adopted theIndian entrepreneurs who access the foreign markets
Floating Rate regime in 1991 when India opened up itsto raise capital/loan would be advantaged as
Economy to the Rest of the World in tune to thecompared to those who do not. This implies that GoI
promises she made to the International Monetaryalong with RBI need to further liberalise their ECB
Fund (IMF). India also had to devalue its currency onnorms to encourage the Domestic entrepreneurs to
two occasions in 1991, once on July 1st and then onraise foreign loans as repayment of the foreign debt
July 3rd as per IMF pre-conditions to address itsin INR terms would result in FOREX gain.
ballooning trade deficit. INR devaluation was a blessingAnother issue that needs to be urgently addressed is
in disguise for the Indian exporters in the form ofthe fall in the book profits of the domestic firm
incremental FOREX earnings as INR graduallyhaving Transaction/Translation/Economic exposure.
depreciated primarily on account of India's inability toAs the AS11 (accounting standards) require the firms'
attract Capital flows because of an unhealthyto make adjustment for the Mark-to-Market Gain
business environment on account of sub-standard orLoss in their balance sheet, any INR appreciation
non-existent infrastructural facilities, long gestationwould have to be reported as FOREX losses thus
periods, lack of skilled labour, a subdued businessreducing shareholder's wealth. This issue may be
environment because of lack of laws, licensing raj etc.addressed by encouraging the firms with Foreign
But the times have changed and so has the reputeloans to go for CIRS (Currency and Interest Rate
of the INR in the World community. As per UNCTADSwaps) and greater hedging opportunities. Currently
Report 2008-09 India reported the highest growth ofonly $-Re, Pound-Re, Yen-Re and Euro-Re currency
85% YOY in its FDI inflows from $25bn to $46bnfutures are available in the stock markets but as
and was the 9th largest FDI recipient in the World inIndia's bilateral trade grows, she would need to
absolute terms. The adoption of the Liberalisedintroduce a whole new variety of Currency Futures if
Exchange Rate Market System (LERMS) and theshe needs to safeguard her economy against
External Commercial Borrowing norms have given theExchange Rate volatility.
Indian entrepreneurs the much needed impetus toIndia has shown great resilience to the Financial and
take their businesses abroad and raise capital fromEconomic crisis of 2008 but with changing times as it
foreign markets in form of ADR, GDR, FCCB, andassumes greater responsibility on an International
even approach the World Bank for cheaper and longscale, she would need to ensure greater financial and
term loans especially for social development purposes.economic stability of its domestic economy with the
For instance, a few of the major acquisitions by theintroduction of timely reforms and regulations as
Indian Companies abroad are the acquisition ofdeliberated above.
Novalis by Hindalco, JLR and Corus by Tata, Zain