Major US Trade Issue is Japan, not China

The 2005 trade numbers released last Friday are surenow replaced America as Japan's largest trading
to get the China trade hawks riled up. But if you lookpartner.
behind the numbers, the trade imbalance with JapanIf we conservatively assume that 25% of $100 billion
is likely larger than China.of foreign-controlled Chinese exports are from
According to the trade statistics, the trade deficitJapanese companies in China and add that to Japan's
with China was $201 billion or 28% of America's total2005 trade surplus with America of $82.7 billion, this
deficit of $726 billion. No doubt these trade numbersbrings the number to $107.7 billion - higher than
capture only a portion of the value traded betweenChina's number stripped of its foreign company
countries but nevertheless are rough barometers ofexports.
trade.The Japan imbalance is often explained by its weak
Our 2005 trade deficit in petroleum products was aneconomy and consumer demand but it is amazing
even larger $210 billion but the China number willthat the deficit has stubbornly persisted and that
certainly get the most political attention. If you lookAmerican firms have still been unable to penetrate
at the numbers a bit more closely, however, you willthe second largest economy in the world. Because of
find a surprising result- Japan is likely a bigger tradethe huge imbalance in wages between China and the
problem for America than China.U.S., a bilateral trade imbalance seems logical. But why
Here's why. China custom data indicate that aboutone with Japan when wage levels are roughly
60% of China's exports come from foreigncomparable?
companies manufacturing and assembling in China.Japan's weak yen policy is certainly a key issue.
Even if we knock this number down to 50%, this isJapanese manufacturers are loath to see the yen get
still equal to $100 billion worth of China's exports laststronger as it will put pressure on their pricing
year.advantage.
According to research from the think tankEven if you are skeptical of the trade data, it is hard
ChartwellAmerica, the vast majority of theseto argue that more American exports, particularly of
so-called Chinese exports are controlled bymanufactured goods, will not raise American growth
Taiwanese, South Korean, American and Japaneserates, lessen our dependence on foreign capital
firms. For example, about 75% of manufacturing(China's and Japan's central banks financed 40% of
output by Taiwanese companies takes place in China.our 2005 deficit) as well as raise wages. Let's work
Samsung has 23 factories in China and closed downrelentlessly to open new markets and not be shy
its last notebook plant in South Korea last year.about using our leverage as the largest consumer
Japan's Panasonic has 70,000 employees working inmarket in the world. Rather than bilateral trade pacts
China.with smaller countries that will have only a small
This why I have been recommending clients haveimpact on our economy, let's tackle head on the
allocations to the Taiwan (EWT), South Koreanopening China and Japan.
(EWY), and Japan (EWJ) exchange-traded funds inMeanwhile, back on the home front, the enactment
order to capture this growth in their global portfolios.of a flat tax has to be the top priority. It will work
A major reason for Japan's economic recovery canwonders to spur economic growth, innovation, higher
be attributed to its booming exports to China oflevels of savings and investment, less dependence on
which a major slice goes on to America. China hasforeign capital and, yes, higher levels of exports.