Tight cotton supply squeezes already thin margins

A shortfall in domestic output and India's export banBrazil, West and Central Africa, and Central Asia.
are curtailing China's fiber stockpile, resulting in higherIf there is still a shortage despite these alternative
fabric and finished product prices, and reduced profitsources, yarn can be procured instead.
for suppliers.Escalating future, spot prices
China's apparel, textiles and related industries areIndia implemented its export ban on cotton on April
bracing for yet another difficult year. Exports may be19. The next day, the New York Board of Trade
on the rebound, but an imminent shortage in local andcotton futures rose by about 4 percent. July cotton
overseas cotton supply is threatening to curb growth.futures closed at 84.60 cents per pound, while those
Lackluster demand forced a reduction in cottonfor May ended at 82.85.
acreage in 2009. The Cotton Research Institute ofIn the same day, the Cotlook Indices, a major
the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesparameter for international cotton spot prices, also
Institute estimates total planted area in theincreased. The Cotlook Far East A Index increased
September 2009 to August 2010 period will go down115 points, settling at 87.30 cents per pound.
3.5 percent to 4.5 to 4.8 million hectares.Even local spot prices climbed up. Four days after the
With the global economy picking up, demand for theban was implemented, domestic grade 328 cotton
natural fiber began increasing as well. China, however,reached 16,354 yuan ($2,392) per ton, up 0.34
was not the only cotton producer that slashedpercent from the previous week.
output in the 2008/2009. Nearly all major sources ofOn May 19, November futures advanced 1.12 percent
the fiber, including the US, planted fewer seeds toand closed at 17,030 yuan ($2,494) per ton. This also
cut down on costs or as a result of unfavorablerepresents a 7 percent jump over a two-week
weather conditions, pulling down global cottonperiod.
inventory.More expensive fabrics, finished goods
Although China tried to boost output this year, badThe upward trend in cotton spot and future prices
weather is preventing farmers from augmenting thehas a substantial impact on China's manufacturers of
low stockpile. Harvest is estimated to be delayed byapparel, textiles and related products.
10 to 15 days.Compared with late last year, quotes for different
The National Bureau of Statistics revealed thekinds of denim and cotton gray fabrics that Shenzhen
country's cotton output for 2009/2010 will reach 6.4Huacun Textile Co. Ltd sources are now about 10
million tons, down by 1 million tons from the previouspercent higher. The company manufactures men's,
year.women's and children's apparel.
The United States Department of Agriculture,Cotton fabrics purchased by bedding supplier Qingdao
meanwhile, pegs current global inventory at only 1.1Riches Imp. & Exp. Co. Ltd are 15 percent more
million tons. Although this is the lowest it has beenexpensive than what they were six months ago.
over the past seven years, output for 2010/2011 isHangzhou Xiaoshan Huafeng Feather & Down
projected to be even less than that.Products Co. Ltd raised bedding prices 10 percent
Andrew Dong, general manager assistant and directorbecause the fabrics it procures from Shandong
of the research institute at Jinshi Futures Co. Ltd, saidprovince now cost 25 percent more than they did
the country's consumption for this year would beless than six months ago.
about 10.5 million tons, 39 percent higher than currentAdjusting prices upward, however, is not always a
supply. The deficit is usually imported, primarily fromviable option for suppliers. Shenzhen Huacun said
the US and India. For 2008/2009, China procuredsome buyers will not accept higher quotes especially
630,000 tons from the US and 320,000 tons fromfor repeat orders.
India, accounting for 41 and 21 percent of its totalHome textiles, yarns, fabrics and apparel maker
cotton imports.Ningbo Veken Elite Group Co. Ltd works with its
In December, China's National Development andbuyers to reach an acceptable compromise on
Reform Committee released a cotton import quotamaterials and prices.
of 1.89 million tons. The NDRC set out an additionalMost manufacturers also negotiate with their
quota of 800,000 tons this month, bringing the totallong-term fabric suppliers to lower costs. Others take
allowable imports for 2009/2010 to approximately 2.7an indirect approach to reducing expenses by
million tons.commissioning their skilled workers to train new hires
But India stopped export registration for raw cottonto boost efficiency and minimize fabric wastage.
last month. Even registered cotton that had yet toODM-oriented companies such as apparel company
be shipped out was affected by the overseas salesGuangzhou Textiles Holdings Ltd, however, are in a
ban. This restriction was lifted only on May 23, but abetter position to deal with higher cotton costs. As
license has to be obtained before the fiber can bethey come up with their own designs, renderings can
exported.be improved or tweaked for optimum fabric
For these reasons, Dong estimates China wouldconsumption.
probably have a cotton shortage by Q3 2010.But for businesses that cannot enforce any of these
Although the deficit will last for two months, at most,options, they have no choice but to absorb all
costs are expected to continue rising throughout theadditional costs and accept thinner margins.
period. 
The information department director of the ChinaThis article was originally published by Global Sources,
Cotton Association, Ma Aifang has a more optimistica leading business-to-business media company and a
view about the cotton supply. Ma believes theprimary facilitator of trade with China manufacturers
country would not have a shortage this year. If theand India suppliers, providing essential sourcing
volume from India and the US is insufficient, Chinainformation to volume buyers through our
could still import from other sources such Australia,e-magazines, trade shows and industry research.