| What is globalization? | | | | state nationalism, fragmentation of markets, the |
| Since the early 1990s, "globalization" means a new | | | | return of protectionism. Globalization is no longer on |
| phase in the integration of global economic | | | | the agenda until the Second World War. The Cold |
| phenomena, financial, ecological and cultural. A careful | | | | War and the building blocks then freeze the world for |
| examination shows that this phenomenon is neither | | | | nearly half a century. Yet, globalization is already |
| linear nor irreversible. | | | | being put in place. Jacques defined as "the abolition of |
| "Before the events that took place in the world | | | | the global area under the influence of a generalization |
| were not related. Since, they are all dependent on | | | | of capitalism, with the dismantling of physical and |
| each other. "The finding is trivial, except that those | | | | regulatory (2). According to the OECD, it comprises |
| who formula Poly-be lived in the second century BC! | | | | three stages:o Internationalization, i.e. the |
| Globalization, the creation of an interdependent world, | | | | development of export flows;o The Trans |
| is not new. Some even make it back to the spread | | | | nationalization, the growing investment flows and |
| of the human species on the planet... | | | | locations abroad;o Globalization, with the |
| From the Roman Empire, the first globalization was | | | | establishment of global production networks and |
| organized around the Mediterranean. But it was not | | | | information, including ICT (new technologies of |
| until the great discoveries in the fifteenth century, to | | | | information and communication). |
| ensure the connection between the various societies | | | | Globalized world, this "geohistorique process of |
| of the earth and the establishment of this "world | | | | gradual expansion of capitalism on a global scale," |
| economy" described by the historian Fernando (1). | | | | according to the formula of Laurent (3) , is both an |
| Globalization focuses on the Atlantic peaked in the | | | | ideology - liberalism - a currency - the dollar - a tool - |
| nineteenth century: between 1870 and 1914 was | | | | capitalism - a political system - democracy - one |
| born a global trade comparable in scale to the current | | | | language - English. |
| sequence. Opening of new shipping routes, with the | | | | At each phase of globalization, the same constant: |
| opening of the Suez Canal and Panama, doubling the | | | | revolution in transport and communication facilities, |
| world's merchant fleet and expansion of the railway | | | | strategic role of innovations (firearms in the fifteenth |
| increased by 6 trade spill in the world of 50 million | | | | century, the container after the Second World War, |
| Europeans who live in new land and attach great | | | | the Internet since the 1990s), role most of the |
| colonial empires ... the birth of globalization as we | | | | States, but also private actors, since the capitalist |
| know it today began a century ago and a half. | | | | merchant bourgeoisie conquering the Renaissance to |
| But the process is not linear: the First World War and | | | | corporations and NGOs today. |
| the Great Depression of the 1930s are the rise of | | | | |